<item><hi format=bold>International disputes:</hi> boundary dispute with Laos; unresolved maritime boundary with Vietnam; parts of border with Thailand in dispute; maritime boundary with Thailand not clearly defined
<item><hi format=bold>Climate:</hi> tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid
<item><hi format=bold>Terrain:</hi> central plain; Khorat plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere
<item>• <hi format=ital>meadows and pastures:</hi> 1%
<item>• <hi format=ital>forest and woodland:</hi> 30%
<item>• <hi format=ital>other:</hi> 31%
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Irrigated land:</hi> 42,300 sq km (1989 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Environment:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>current issues:</hi> air pollution increasing from vehicle emissions; water pollution from organic and factory wastes; deforestation; wildlife populations threatened by illegal hunting
<item>• <hi format=ital>natural hazards:</hi> land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table
<item>• <hi format=ital>international agreements:</hi> party to—Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservaiton, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber; signed, but not ratified —Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Note:</hi> controls only land route from Asia to Malaysia and Singapore